El efecto de los sucesos vitales, el estrés percibido, la resiliencia y el sexo sobre la calidad de vida de estudiantes universitarios: procesos condicionales / The effect of life events, perceived stress, resilience and sex on the quality of life of university students: conditional processes

Los objetivos del estudio fueron: a) estimar el efecto directo de los sucesos vitales sobre las dimensiones de la calidad de vida (Salud física, Salud psicológica, Relaciones sociales y Entorno), b) estimar el efecto indirecto del estrés percibido sobre la relación entre los sucesos vitales y las dimensiones de la calidad de vida, c) la moderación de la resiliencia y el sexo sobre ambos efectos en estudiantes universitarios. Participaron 327 estudiantes universitarios, 56,9% mujeres, con edades entre 18 y 24 años. Se encontró que el estrés percibido medió la relación entre sucesos vitales y todas las dimensiones de calidad de vida. También se encontró que el sexo y la resiliencia no moderaron el efecto directo e indirecto en ninguna de las dimensiones de la calidad de vida. Este estudio aporta pruebas sobre los mecanismos del estrés percibido, la resiliencia y el sexo sobre la relación entre los sucesos vitales y la calidad de vida de estudiantes universitarios. (AU)

The objectives of the study were: a) to estimate the direct effect of life events on the dimensions of quality of life (Physical Health, Psychological Health, Social Relations and Environment), b) to estimate the indirect effect of perceived stress on the relationship between events vital and the dimensions of quality of life, c) the moderation of resilience and sex on both effects in university students. 327 university students participated, 56,9% women, aged between 18 and 24 years. Perceived stress was found to mediate the relationship between life events and the quality-oflife dimensions. It was also found that sex and resilience did not moderate the direct and indirect effect in any of the dimensions of quality of life. This study provides proof on the mechanisms of perceived stress, resilience and sex on the relationship between life events and the quality of life of university students. (AU)

Lieber-DeCarli Diet Promotes Different Hepatic Histological Changes During Early and Late Pregnancy: An Example of Maternal Resilience.

BACKGROUND/AIM: During pregnancy, maternal liver can be affected by ethanol (ETOH) intake, whose effects depend on concentration levels ingested. This study aims to describe histological and serum marker characteristics of maternal liver during two metabolic conditions: gestation (G), and sustained ETOH intake, in early and late pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wistar rats were fed with Lieber-DeCarli diet during pregnancy, following an experimental protocol that allows a semi-chronic intake of ETOH (5%). Liver and serum samples were processed for histological characterization and biochemical profiling. Hematoxylin/eosin and Schiff's Periodic Acid staining were used. RESULTS: During pregnancy, a significant elevation in ballooned and edamatous hepatocytes, and a significant increase in micro and macrovesicular deposits were observed in rats fed with the ETOH diet at gestation days 3G, 8G and 15G. These changes were reverted by 20G. Liver glycogen content increased significantly at 15G. Serum metabolites in pregnant rats fed with the ETOH diet showed a significant reduction in urea (from 3G to 15G), an increase in albumin and uric acid at 20G, and a reduction in creatinine. Number of offsprings and weight of male newborns were reduced by 20% and 14%, respectively. Liver function markers in serum showed no significant changes. CONCLUSION: ETOH diet intake promotes hepatic histological changes and histological modifications during pregnancy. These results support the assumption that pregnancy is an adaptive procedure that is associated with nutritional conditions and has a strong influence on hepatic histology. They suggest that pregnancy promotes a state of resilience to the liver function during the sustained intake of 5% ETOH.

Programa de prevención universal para factores de riesgo de trastornos alimentarios en adolescentes mexicanas: un estudio piloto / Universal prevention program for eating disorders risk factors in Mexican adolescents

El objetivo general de este estudio fue describir el efecto de un programa interactivo de prevención universal sobre las conductas alimentarias deriesgo (CAR), la insatisfacción corporal (IC), la influencia del modelo estético de delgadez (IMED), conocimientos de nutrición, ansiedad y depresiónen adolescentes entre 12 y 15 años de edad. Se trabajó con una muestra de 98 adolescentes mexicanas, quienes contestaron, antes y después dela intervención, el Test de Actitudes Alimentarias-26, el Cuestionario de Imagen Corporal-8D, el Cuestionario de Influencias sobre el Modelo EstéticoCorporal-26, la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria y el Cuestionario de Nutrición. En el grupo experimental se encontraron diferenciasestadísticamente significativas entre el pretest y el postest (U de Mann Whitney, p < ,05), con menores puntuaciones totales en las CAR, la IMED,IC y ansiedad, y un aumento en los conocimientos de nutrición en la fase postest, con un tamaño del efecto de pequeño a grande (r = ,18 - ,58). Lasparticipantes presentaron un cambio clínico objetivo positivo en las CAR (54%), IMED (59%), conocimientos de nutrición (54%) y ansiedad (50%),y poco más de la tercera parte presentaron una disminución depresión (31%) e IC (37%). Se concluye que el programa de intervención basado enalfabetización de los medios generó efectos positivos en adolescentes respecto a la prevención de las CAR, IC, IMED, ansiedad, depresión y aumentóde los conocimientos en nutrición. (AU)

The purpose of this research was to describe the effect of aninteractive universal prevention program on risky eating behaviors (REB), body dissatisfaction (BD), the influence of the aesthetic model of thinness(ITAM), nutritional knowledge, anxiety, and depression in adolescents between 12 and 15 years old. We worked with a sample of 98 Mexican adolescents, who answered, before and after the intervention, the Eating Attitudes Test-26, the Body Image Questionnaire-8D, Questionnaire of Influenceson the Body Aesthetic Model-26, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Nutrition Questionnaire. In the experimental group, statisticallysignificant differences were found between the pretest and the posttest (Mann Whitney U, p <.05) with lower total scores in the REB, ITAM, BDand anxiety, and an increase in nutrition knowledge in the post-test phase, with a small to large effect size (r = ,18 - ,58). Most of the participantspresented a positive objective clinical change in CAR (54%), IMED (59%), nutrition knowledge (54%) and anxiety (50%), just over a third presenteda decrease in depression (31%), and BD (37 %). It is concluded that the intervention program, based on media literacy, generated positive effectsin adolescents regarding the prevention of REB, BD, ITAM, anxiety, depression, and increased knowledge of nutrition. (AU)

Changes in amino acid profiles and liver alterations in pregnant rats with a high carbohydrate/low protein diet.

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Intake of a high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet (HCD/LPD) during pregnancy promotes metabolic disturbances. It has been suggested that liver function during pregnancy contributes to the synthesis of proteins necessary for fetal development during this stage. The liver is a site of response to the synthesis of macronutrients such as proteins. However, it is unknown how HCD/LPD is associated with modifications to the amino acid profiles and hepatic alterations in the maternal environment during pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A transverse longitudinal study was done in primiparous mothers during gestation (G) (G1 day 1, G5 day 5, G15 day 15, and G20 day 20). Histological analysis was used to assess hepatic alterations, and amino acid profiles in the liver were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Food and water intake was quantified, and peripheral biochemical indicators in serum were measured. RESULTS: Mothers with HCD/LPD had increased micro and macro vesicles of fat, necrosis, and inflammation in the liver on G5. The total concentration of hepatic amino acids increased by 40% on G1, 17% on G5, and 25% on G15; and, there was a 12% decrease on G20. The following increases were observed in the liver on G1: arginine 68%, histidine 75%, alanine 18%, methionine 71%, and phenylalanine 51% (p>0.05); on G5: arginine 12%, methionine 34%, and phenylalanine 83% (p>0.05); on G15: arginine and phenylalanine 66%, tryptophan 81% and histidine 60.4% (p>0.05); and on G20: arginine 32% (p>0.05). No weight loss, changes in food consumption, or hepatomegaly occurred. CONCLUSIONS: HCD/LPD during pregnancy in primiparous mothers may promote development of fat vesicles. Possibly, this condition causes metabolic adaptations and nitrogen management reflected in decreased levels of serum urea and altered amino acid profiles in the liver.

Indicadores de estrés oxidativo en suero y comportamiento alimentario en adultos de una zona rural de Jalisco, México / Levels of oxidative striess in serum and dietary behavior in adults in a ruralarea of Jalisco, Mexico

Introducción: El comportamiento alimentario establece la relación del ser humano con la alimentación, comprende hábitos alimentarios que podrían intervenir en el desarrollo del estrés oxidativo. Objetivos: Evaluar la relación de indicadores de estrés oxidativo (lipoperóxidos) y capacidad antioxidante (ácido ascórbico, catalasa, superóxido dismutasa) con el comportamiento alimentario en adultos que residen en Teocuitatlán de Corona, Jalisco, México. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, comparativo de 44 adultos de 43 a 88 años de edad. Se aplicó un instrumento de comportamiento alimentario. Los resultados del cuestionario se relacionaron con los indicadores de estrés oxidativo. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, distribución de frecuencias y análisis de co-varianza con ajuste de variables, se consideró una significancia de p <0.05. Resultados: Los valores de lipoperóxidos en suero se relacionaron a las siguientes conductas: considerar el contenido nutrimental como factor más importante al elegir el alimento (p=0.042), desagrado por lácteos (p=0.027), ingesta de dulces entre las comidas (p=0.001), inclusión habitual de verduras y ensaladas en la comida principal (p=0.018). No se encontró relación significativa de los valores de cantidad total de ácido ascórbico, colesterol en lipoproteínas de baja densidad y actividades enzimáticas de catalasa y superóxido dismutasa con las conductas alimentarios analizados. Discusión: Los hábitos y conductas de alimentación analizados pueden intervenir en el desarrollo del estrés oxidativo y presentar un efecto protector o perjudicial hacia las complicaciones de enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles y el envejecimiento de esta población. Se sugiere profundizar en aspectos sociodemográficos y socioculturales de la región, además de integrar un análisis de consumo de alimentos y de marcadores metabólicos relacionados con la alimentación (AU)

Introduction: The feeding behavior establishes a relation of humans with food, includes food habits that could be involved with oxidative stress. Objective: To evaluate the relation of indicators of oxidative stress (lipid peroxides) and antioxidant (ascorbic acid, catalase, superoxide dismutase) with feeding behavior in adults of Teocuhitatlan Corona, Jalisco, Mexico. Method: Study observational, descriptive, cross-sectional of 44 adults with 43 to 88 years, was used a instrument of feeding behavior. The questionnaire were related to indicators of oxidative stress. Were used descriptive statistics, frequency distribution and analysis of covariance with adjustment variables, was considered significant p <0.05. Results: The values of serum lipid peroxides were related to behaviors: consider the nutritional content as most important when choosing food (p = 0.042), dislike milk (p = 0.027), intake of sweets between meals (p = 0.001), habitual inclusion of vegetables and salads in main meal (p = 0.018). We do not found association in to values of ascorbic acid, cholesterol in low density lipoproteins and enzymatic activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase with food behaviors. Discussion: The feeding behaviors analyzed in this study may be involved with development of oxidative stress and could be have protective or harmful effect in development to complications of chronic non-communicable diseases and aging in this population. This suggests to analyze demographic and socio-cultural aspects of region and besides analyzing the consumption and metabolic markers related to food (AU)

CD28-, CD45RA(null/dim) and natural killer-like CD8+ T cells are increased in peripheral blood of women with low-grade cervical lesions.

BACKGROUND: In response to antigen naive CD8+, T cells differentiate into effector cells, which express Natural killer (NK) receptors, lose CD28 expression, and die by apoptosis. However, in smaller quantities, the cells are retained for subsequent exposure to the same antigen. Knowledge is limited regarding whether the percentages of CD28-, Effector memory (EMRA(null/dim)), and the CD16+/CD56 + CD8+ T cells of women with low-grade cervical lesions are altered at a systemic level. METHODS: We enrolled in this study women controls and women with Human papilloma virus infection (HPV-I) without associated cellular neoplastic changes and with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplastic-I (CIN-I). Flow cytometry (FC) was performed for measurement of CD28-, memory subset, and NK-like CD8 + T cells, and IL-17, IFN-gamma, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, Interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-2. Finally, we genotyped the HPV. RESULTS: The CIN-I group increased the CD8 + CD28- and CD16+/56+ T cell percentage compared with that of HPV-I and controls (p <0.01), and CD8 + CCR7-CD45RA(null/dim) (EMRA(null/dim)) T cells were also increased in the CIN-I group compared with the controls (p <0.01). These two study groups were HPV- genotyped; 49% were HPV18+, and we did not observe differences in cytokine levels among all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Increased levels of CD28-, EMRA(null/dim), and CD16+/CD56 + CD8+ T cells of peripheral blood in women with CIN-I may be associated with persistent HPV infection and could exert an influence on progression to cervical cancer.

[Levels of oxidative stress in serum and dietary behavior in adults in a rural area of Jalisco, Mexico]. / Indicadores de estrés oxidativo en suero y comportamiento alimentario en adultos de una zona rural de Jalisco, México.

INTRODUCTION: The feeding behavior establishes a relation of humans with food, includes food habits that could be involved with oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relation of indicators of oxidative stress (lipid peroxides) and antioxidant (ascorbic acid, catalase, superoxide dismutase) with feeding behavior in adults of Teocuhitatlan Corona, Jalisco, Mexico. METHOD: Study observational, descriptive, cross-sectional of 44 adults with 43 to 88 years, was used a instrument of feeding behavior. The questionnaire were related to indicators of oxidative stress. Were used descriptive statistics, frequency distribution and analysis of covariance with adjustment variables, was considered significant p <0.05. RESULTS: The values of serum lipid peroxides were related to behaviors: consider the nutritional content as most important when choosing food (p = 0.042), dislike milk (p = 0.027), intake of sweets between meals (p = 0.001), habitual inclusion of vegetables and salads in main meal (p = 0.018). We do not found association in to values of ascorbic acid, cholesterol in low density lipoproteins and enzymatic activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase with food behaviors. DISCUSSION: The feeding behaviors analyzed in this study may be involved with development of oxidative stress and could be have protective or harmful effect in development to complications of chronic non-communicable diseases and aging in this population. This suggests to analyze demographic and socio-cultural aspects of region and besides analyzing the consumption and metabolic markers related to food.

Introducción: El comportamiento alimentario establece la relación del ser humano con la alimentación, comprende hábitos alimentarios que podrían intervenir en el desarrollo del estrés oxidativo. Objetivos: Evaluar la relación de indicadores de estrés oxidativo (lipoperóxidos) y capacidad antioxidante (ácido ascórbico, catalasa, superóxido dismutasa) con el comportamiento alimentario en adultos que residen en Teocuitatlán de Corona, Jalisco, México. Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, comparativo de 44 adultos de 43 a 88 años de edad. Se aplicó un instrumento de comportamiento alimentario. Los resultados del cuestionario se relacionaron con los indicadores de estrés oxidativo. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, distribución de frecuencias y análisis de co-varianza con ajuste de variables, se consideró una significancia de p.

Comportamiento y organización. Implementación del sistema de gestión de la calidad 5 S'S / Behavior and Organization. Implementation of Quality Management System 5 S'S

Con la finalidad de mejorar los servicios que ofrece, las condiciones físicas de instalaciones y equipo, y con ello generar una cultura de calidad en el trabajo, el Departamento de Recursos Materiales y Servicios del Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Guzmán (ITCG) es detectado como un área de oportunidad. Como propuesta de solución para mejorar esta área se implemento el sistema de administración de calidad 5S, una técnica de trabajo que crea un cambio en el comportamiento de los trabajadores, basada en cinco aspectos: clasificación, orden y limpieza, reforzado con estandarización y disciplina. En el presente trabajo se demuestra que el aprendizaje de la metodología 5S modifica el comportamiento, el ambiente de trabajo de un departamento y/o organización, propiciando el trabajo en equipo, para mejorar la comunicación, incrementar la motivación del personal y facilitar el cumplimiento de los objetivos establecidos. Los resultados demostraron que se logró establecer orden y limpieza; reducir el tiempo de búsqueda por herramienta en un 80% y de insumos en un 66,6%, y una ganancia de 20 m² en espacios ganados.

With the objective of improve services to public, equipment and facilities conditions, Department of material resources and services of technological Institute of Ciudad Guzmán (ITCG) is identified as an area of opportunity to generate a culture of quality in the work.. As a proposed solution to improve this area, a system of quality management was implemented (5s's), the working technique that creates a change in habits of workers, based on Classification, Order and Cleanliness, Standardization and Discipline reinforce. The present work shows that learning of the methodology 5S's, modifies; behavior, working environment of a department or organization, promoting teamwork, improving communication, increasing staff motivation and achievement of specific objectives. Results showed that it was to establish order and cleanliness; reduce search time by tool in 80%, on inputs a 66.6% and a gain of 20 m² in cattle spaces.

Género, Interacción Social y Consumo de Alimento: "El Efecto Eva" / Sex, Social Interaction and Food Consumption: "The Eva Effect"

Diversos elementos proporcionan la información necesaria para el consumo de alimentos, entre ellos: el sabor, la textura y temperatura. Sin embargo, se requiere de su vinculación con la experiencia y las características ambientales para integrar el comportamiento alimentario. La evidencia experimental sugiere que el sexo y la interacción social son factores importantes para el consumo de alimentos. Esta investigación evaluó los efectos del género y de la interacción social sobre el consumo de alimentos. Adicionalmente, para tal objetivo se propone el uso del Catálogo Conductual de Interacción Alimentaria (CCIA). Participaron veinticuatro individuos de ambos sexos, entre 20 y 28 años, desconocidos entre ellos, fueron expuestos a diversos alimentos usuales y novedosos evaluando su interacción alimentaria. Los participantes fueron divididos en tres grupos. El grupo 1 fue integrado por hombres, el grupo 2 por mujeres y el grupo 3 por ambos géneros. Los resultados mostraron que el grupo 1 y 2 consumieron cantidades similares de alimento en comparación con el grupo 3 que presentó un escaso consumo. Se registró una fuerte influencia de las mujeres sobre los hombres para promover su consumo de alimento, fenómeno que fue denominado como "Efecto Eva". Concluimos que el género es un importante factor en el estudio del fenómeno alimentario.

Several elements provide information for food consumption, among them: flavor, texture and temperature. These elements related to environmental characteristics and experience integrate the feeding behavior. Experimental evidence suggests that sex and social interaction are important factors for food consumption. This study evaluated effects of sex and social interaction on food consumption. Additionally, our proposal is to use Behavioral Catalogue of Feeding Interaction (BCFI). Twenty-four human subjects, both sexes, between 20 and 28 years-old, which were not known between them, were exposed to different familiar and novel foods, evaluating the feeding interaction. Subjects were divided in three groups. First group was formed by man, second by woman; and third group by subjects of both sexes. Data suggest that group 1 and 2 registered similar food consumption in comparison with the group 3 that registered a little consumption. A strong influence of women was registered on men to stimulate its food consumption, phenomenon that was denominated "Eva Effect". We conclude that sex is an important factor in the study of feeding phenomenon.

[Glucose, body mass index and pre-neoplastic lesions in the cervix]. / Glucosa, indice de masa corporal y lesiones preneoplásicas en el cuello uterino.

BACKGROUND: The obesity and abnormal blood glucose level has been associated with cervical cancer development; however, few studies have been performed about this relation. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the blood glucose levels and body mass index (BMI) in women with human papilloma virus infection (HPV-I) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN-I). PATIENTS AND METHOD: Transversal study of 44 women diagnosed with HPV-I and CIN-I from September to December 2010 in Dysplasia Clinic of Regional Hospital of Guzman City, Federal entity of Jalisco, Mexico. The diagnoses were carried by biopsy of cervix, glucose test results were evaluated by spectrophotometry and determinate the BMI. RESULTS: The 18% (n=8) of women were without injury, 41% (n=18), with HPV-I and 41% (n=18) CIN-I. High blood glucose was observed in GIN-I versus without injury in the cervix (p = 0.05), the correlation was OR = 2.6 (95% CI: 1.090-6.52). The young women (19-35 years) were 17% high glucose, 28% normal glucose and 55% low glucose. In group of the medium age (35-65 years) 23% showed high glucose, 50% normal and 27% low. The BMI was not relation with diagnosis, although in the age (young versus age median p=0.001). CONCLUSION: These results support the proposal about the high levels of glucose in plasma and obesity could be risk cofactors in the development of preneoplasic lesion of cervix.

[Risk behavior due to alcohol consumption and quality of life in university students]. / Comportamiento de riesgo por consumo de alcohol y calidad de vida en estudiantes universitarios.

Objective: to measure the risky behavior (RB) to alcohol consumption, the quality of life (QOL) and the association between both. Methods: a censal sample of 380 students (first year adolescents who entered a University Center in 2006) completed a self-administered on-line questionnaire based on the Spanish version of Youth Quality of Life- Research version (YQRL-R) perceptive module with four domains (general, personal, relationship, environment) and the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance YRBS 2007 from which it took four variables related to alcohol use and in addition sociodemographic variables. Logistic Regression Multinomial models were used to assess interaction effects and predict QOL based on RB by gender, employment and socioeconomic position. Results: we found that 60.5 % had drunk in the last 30 days and 24.1 % had a drinking binge, 40.1 % were in a car with a drunk driver and 12.4 % had driven a car after drinking. In QOL, the YQOL-R domain with smaller score was personal and we did not find differences by gender (p > 0.05). Conclusions: the alcohol use was associated to QOL in men, workers and with a middle-high and high socioeconomic position.

Objetivo: evaluar los comportamientos de riesgo de consumo de alcohol y su asociación con la calidad de vida. Métodos: a 380 estudiantes de 18 años y menos, que ingresaron al Centro Universitario del Sur en Guadalajara se les aplicó un instrumento basado en el Youth Quality of Life-Research Version (YQOL-R), con cuatro dominios, y en el Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance, del cual se tomaron cuatro variables sobre consumo de alcohol y variables sociodemográficas. Con modelos de regresión logística multinomial se estableció la asociación y predicción de la calidad de vida a partir de los comportamientos de riesgo por sexo, trabajo y nivel socioeconómico. Resultados: en los 30 días previos a la aplicación de los cuestionarios, 60.5 % de los estudiantes bebió y 24.2 % bebió intensamente, 41.1 % anduvo en un automóvil con un chofer que bebió y 12.4 % manejó bebido. En la calidad de vida, el índice total fue de 88.70 y el dominio del YQOL-R con menor índice fue el personal (84.05). Conclusiones: los modelos de comportamiento de riesgo de consumo de alcohol se asociaron con calidad de vida en los hombres, en quienes trabajan y en quienes tienen nivel socioeconómico alto, explicando 62, 85.9 y 55.7 % de la varianza, respectivamente.